It modifies the inductance of the circuitas well as the equivalent output. The dashed lines connecting the various resistors schematically indicate that these resistors are varied in a related or complimentary manner. Accordingly, it would generally be desirable to provide an accurate transducer that is sensitive to a physical parameter, and that directly produces a digital output. RESISTIVE TRANSDUCER• Material in which the resistance due to a change in some physical phenomenon.• Potentiometer-it consists of a resistance element provided with a sliding contact called wiper.• Movement can be in rotational and translational or combination of both. When a variable resistor is used as a potential divider by using 3 terminals it is called a potentiometer. The method may further include the additional step of comparing the phase angle of the vector-summed signal with the phase angle of either exciting voltage and producing a pulse-width-modulated square-wave output signal at the excitation frequency as a function of such phase comparison. SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:MOOG INC.;REEL/FRAME:009748/0230, Free format text: The measurement of the physical quantity is quite difficult. These offer the attractive possibility of providing a direct digital output signal by counting the time delay represented by the relative phase shift. Pulse width counter 21 therefore provides a digital output signal reflective of the change in the resistance(s) of the bridge. Working of Resistive Transducer: The most commonly used type of transducer is variable resistance transducer. 3. However, it is important that at least one of the resistances be sensitive to a change in the physical parameter. Under this, transducers can be categorized as: Active Transducers. Variable capacitance pressure gage - Principle of operation: Distance between two parallel plates is varied by an externally applied A transducer as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said waveforms is in the form of a triangular wave. If any system component produces an analog output signal, this signal must first be converted to its digital equivalent, before it may be integrated in the control scheme. A transducer (23) for producing a digital output signal proportional to a change in a sensed physical parameter includes first and second pairs of series-connected resistors (24, 25 or 26, 28). Variable-phase resistive transducer, and method of operating same. In any event, the phase comparator determines the phase angle difference between these two signals, and provides a pulse-width-modulated square-wave output reflective of this difference. Thus, the d.c. signal supplied to the summing point, when added to the supplied triangular waveform, shifts the nominal zero crossing from time tO to a new time tS, as shown in the associated waveform diagram. 11. A resistive pressure transducer has strain gauges bonded to the surface of the non-media contacted side of the diaphragm so that any change in pressure will cause a momentary ... A variable capacitance pressure transducer has a capacitive plate (diaphragm) and another Active transducers … • They can be used for measuring various physical quantities like temperature, pressure, displacement, force, vibrations etc. together with the specification, and are to be considered a portion of the entire written description of this invention. a counter operatively arranged to count the time difference between the occurrence of a distinguishing waveform event of said vector-summed signal and the occurrence of a like distinguishing waveform event of the exciting voltage referred to; whereby said time difference count will be a digital output signal proportional to the change in said sensed physical parameter. This pulse-width-modulated signal difference is then supplied to a pulse width counter 36, which counts the time difference between the occurrence of a distinguishing event (i.e., zero crossing at time tO) of the reference signal and the occurrence of a like distinguishing event (i.e., zero crossing at time TS) of the vector-summed signal at the rate determined by clock 38. Your email address will not be published. 2 is a block diagram of an improved variable-phase resistive transducer, generally indicated at 23. These transducers are most frequently used for calculating different physical quantities like pressure, vibration, temperature, force, and displacement. With respect to the resistive bridge, the drawing indicates that all four resistances are variable. Alibaba.com offers 1,104 variable resistive load bank products. Still another object is to provide an improved method of operating a transducer to provide a digital output signal. A transducer as set forth in claim 1 wherein at least one variable resistor is a strain gauge. Capacitive Transducer. 4. It is available in various sizes and having a high range of resistance. FIG. MARINE MIDLAND BANK, AGENT, NEW YORK, Free format text: DPS Low Differential Pressure Transmitter 4. Example sentences with "variable-resistance transducer", translation memory add example en 21/ 00 Variable - resistance transducers (gaseous-resistance transducers H 04 R 23/00; magneto-resistive transducers H 04 R 23/00) 21/ 02 . As illustrated, each of these resistors is variable, and may be a strain gauge mounted on a physically-movable member. From a structure point-of-view, this appears to be, in large part, a conventional LVDT, albeit operated in a reverse manner. That physical parameter may possibly be strain, and one or more of the resistances may be in the form of electrical strain gauges. The summing point output will provide a vector-summed output signal, as shown by the associated waveform diagram, which illustrates the resultant vector sum 34 of two equal signals, and a similar resultant 34' for unequal inputs, and the associated phase angles φ and φ'. Only one resistor of the bridge need be sensitive to a change in the parameter. In another aspect, the invention provides an improved method of producing a digital output signal proportional to a change in a sensed physical parameter, which method comprising the steps of: providing a first pair of series-connected resistors; providing a second pair of series-connected resistors; arranging the resistors such that the electrical resistance of at least one of the resistors is variable in response to a change in the sensed parameter; applying a first exciting alternating voltage at a particular frequency across the first pair; applying a second exciting alternating voltage at the same frequency across the second pair; the first and second exciting voltages having identical waveforms (i.e., as to general waveshape and frequency), but being shifted relative to one another by a constant phase angle (φ); vector-summing the voltage existing at a point between the resistors of the first pair with the voltage existing a point between the resistors of the second pair to provide a vector-summed output signal; and counting the time difference between the occurrence of a distinguishing event (e.g., a zero crossing) of the vector-summed signal and the occurrence of a like distinguishing event of the exciting voltage referred to; thereby to provide a digital output signal proportional to the change in the sensed physical parameter. The resistive transducers are also known as resistive sensors or variable resistance transducers. An active transducer directly converts input variable into electrical signals. DPS300 User Switchable Pressure Range, Volts or Current Output Low DP Sensor 15. It is otherwise called as resistive sensors. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein said waveform is a sine wave. The slider moves horizontally. Required fields are marked *. ANSWER: A. Inductive transducer . Unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are intended to be read (e.g., arrangement of parts, mounting, etc.) The d.c. voltage existing at the node between resistors 13, 14 is supplied as a positive input to a summing point 18. However, it need not necessarily be so. Therefore, directly it provides the parameter’s valve to … A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the phase angle between said first and second exciting voltages is 90°. A possible approach, utilizing well known prior art, would typically be to start with the conventional d.c. signal output of a strain-gage bridge excited from a d.c. source, and to generate a pulse-width modulated waveform in the conventional way by summing the bridge output signal with a reference triangular wave to shift its zero crossing time. It is deemed to be advisable to review the structure and operation of a prior art resistive transducer before discussing the present improvement. The voltage between resistors 24, 25 is also supplied as a positive input to summing point 33. Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)  LVDT is an inductive type passive transducer. 2 wire 4-20mA or 3 wire 0-20mA: 1. A second excitation means, such a second sine wave generator 32, is operatively arranged to apply a second alternating exciting voltage at the same frequency across the second pair of resistors 26, 28. The following are the applications of the resistive transducer. Resistance-Type Pressure Transducers. In other words, the phase angle could be some angle other than 90°, as desired. The capacitive transducer works on the principle of variable capacitances. Summing point 18 provides the summed signal to a pulse width modulator 20, which converts the superimposed waveform to a pulse-width-modulated square-wave, as illustrated in the associated waveform diagram. This square-wave is supplied to a pulse width counter 21, which counts the time difference (i.e., tS -tO) between distinguishing events (e.g., zero crossings) at a rate supplied by clock 22. A method as set forth in claim 10 and further comprising the additional step of comparing the phase angle of the vector-summed output signal with the phase angle of either exciting voltage and for producing a pulse-width-modulated square-wave output signal at the excitation frequency. A variable resistor is in essence an electro-mechanical transducer and normally works by sliding a contact (wiper) over a resistive element. Another object is to provide a variable-phase resistive transducer. A wide variety of variable resistive load bank options are available to you, such as brand name, rated power, and temperature coefficient. There has recently been developed an "inverted" LVDT, dubbed a linear variable phase transducer ("LVPT"). A battery 15 is adapted to provide a d.c. potential to the nodes between resistors 11, 13 and 12, 14, respectively. Figure 1 illustrates a simple strain gauge. A first excitation means, such as a sine wave generator 31 is operatively arranged to apply a first alternating exciting voltage at a particular frequency across the first pair of resistors 24, 25. The resistive transducer converts the physical quantities into variable resistance which is easily measured by the meters. The improved transducer broadly includes: a first pair of series-connected resistors (24, 25); a second pair of series-connected resistors (26, 28), the electrical resistance of at least one of the resistors being variable in response to a change in the sensed parameter; first excitation means (31) for applying a first exciting alternating voltage at a particular frequency across the first pair; second excitation means (32) for applying a second exciting alternating voltage at the same frequency across the second pair; the first and second exciting voltages having identical waveforms (i.e., as to general waveshape and frequency), but being shifted relative to one another by a constant phase angle (φ); summing means (33) for vector-summing the voltage existing at a point between the resistors of the first pair with the voltage existing at a point between the resistors of the second pair to provide a vector-summed output signal; and a counter (36) operatively arranged to count the time difference between the occurrence of a distinguishing event (e.g., the point at which the waveform reaches or crosses zero, etc.) FIG. About 13% of these are Testing Equipment. A transducer (23) for producing a digital output signal proportional to a change in a sensed physical parameter includes first and second pairs of series-connected resistors (24, 25 or 26, 28). Summing point 18 also receives a triangular wave from triangular reference generator 19. The most frequently used resistive transducer is the variable resistor transducer which is also known as resistive sensors and can be used in the measurement of … The first and second voltages may be phase-shifted by 90°, or by some other angle. The electrical resistance of at least one of these resistors is variable in response to a change in the sensed parameter. A counter (36) is operatively arranged to count the time difference between the currents of a distinguishing event of the vector-summed signal and the occurrence of a like distinguishing event of the sinusoidal reference voltage. Example – The circuit of the sliding resistive transducer is shown in the figure below. The following are the advantages of the resistive transducer. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress, Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. Transducer 23 is shown as having a first pair of series-connected resistors 24, 25, and a second pair of series-connected resistors 26, 28. A resistive transducer is mainly used in the calculation of temperature, displacement, pressure, force. For example, a linear variable differential transformer ("LVDT") typically has a primary coil that is inductively coupled to two secondary or output coils via an intermediate movable core member. This transducer is shown as having four independently-variable electrical resistances 11, 12, 13, 14, respectively, operatively arranged in a bridge. In modern digital control techniques, this analog signal must first be converted to a digital equivalent prior to use. Sine wave generators 31 and 32 are operatively arranged to generate identical alternating waveforms (i.e., either sine waves, cosine waves, triangular waves, sawtooth waves or any other alternating waveform having a repetitive zero crossing) of like function and frequency. The linear variable differential transformer transducer is ... D. Resistive transducer View Answer / Hide Answer. For example, the first and second excitation means are shown as being sine wave generators. A transducer as set forth in claim 1 wherein the amplitudes of said exciting voltages are the same. Definition: The capacitive transducer is used for measuring the displacement, pressure and other physical quantities. (e.g. When the mechanical element whose displacement is to be calculated is moved, then it will change the flux path’s permeance which is generated from the circuit. Introduction A resistive sensor is a transducer or electromechanical device that converts a mechanical change such as displacement into an electrical signal that can be monitored after conditioning. 14. The circuit o/p can be directly adjusted against the input value. However, they could alternatively be triangular-wave or sawtooth-wave generators. Information on such an LVPT is shown in certain literature of NWL Control Systems, 2220 Palmer Avenue, Kalamazoo, Mich. 49001, a division of Pneumo Corp. Additional details and improvements of this basic device may be shown or described in U.S. Pat. When combined with basic electronic circuitry, the sensor detects the change in presence or proximity of ferrous objects. As used in the following description, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "left", "right", "up" and "down", as well as adjectival and adverbial derivatives thereof (e.g., "horizontally", "rightwardly", "upwardly", etc.) The node between resistors 11 and 12 is grounded, as indicated at 16. Resistance temperature detectors A transducer as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said waveforms is a sine wave. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NINTZEL, ARTHUR;REEL/FRAME:008043/0142, Owner name: There are many devices for sensing and determining the position of a movable member. The present invention broadly provides an improved variable-phase resistive transducer, and a method of operating same. The resistive transducer gives the fast response. An a.c. current is provided to the driving coil. Resistive Transducers 1. simply refer to the orientation of the illustrated structure as the particular drawing figure faces the reader. A transducer (23) for producing a digital output signal proportional to a change in a sensed physical parameter includes first and second pairs of series-connected resistors (24, 25 or 26, 28). The linear variable differential transformer transducer is. In this regard, the reference waveform may be taken from either excitation means. The phase comparator is arranged to sense and determine the phase of the vector-sum signal with respect to the reference waveform. FIG. The electrical resistance of at least one of these resistors is variable in response to a change in the sensed parameter. The present invention contemplates that many changes and modifications may be made. Included in this category of transducers are strain gauges and moving contacts (slidewire variable resistors). The time between zero crossings of the vector-summed and reference signals is then counted to provide the digital output of the transducer. Figure 1 By using one of the fixed connections and the sliding connection a resistive element may be made whose effectively length varies with the position of the slider, but whose resistivity and cross-section area remain constant. However, these first and second exciting voltages are phase-shifted relative to one another by a constant phase angle. 1. Transducer Output is Proportional to the Displacement. A transducer for producing a digital output signal proportional to a change in a sensed physical parameter, comprising: a first pair of series-connected resistors; a second pair of series-connected resistors; the electrical resistance of at least one of said resistors being variable in response to a change in said sensed parameter; first excitation means for applying a first exciting alternating voltage at a particular frequency across said first pair; second excitation means for applying a second exciting alternating voltage at said frequency across said second pair; said first and second exciting voltages having identical waveforms but being shifted relative to one another by a constant phase angle; summing means for vector-summing the voltage existing at a point between the resistors of the first pair with the voltage existing at a point between the resistors of the second pair to provide a vector-summed output signal; and. This output time count is inherently a digital value. A variable reluctance sensor (commonly called a VR sensor) is a transducer that measures changes in magnetic reluctance. The schematic symbol, of the transducer is as shown in figure 1(a) and the TK294K in figure 1(b). The electrical resistance of at least one of these resistors is variable in response to a change in the sensed parameter. At the outset, it should be clearly understood that like reference numerals are intended to identify the same structural elements, portions or surfaces consistently throughout the several drawing figures, as such elements, portions or surfaces may be further described or explained by the entire written specification of which this detailed description is an integral part. Accordingly, the general object of this invention is to provide an improved transducer for indicating a change in a sensed physical parameter. The currents induced in the driven coils are reflective of the relative position of the core member, and the output signals of the driven coils are analog values of the driving signal. A transducer as set forth in claim 1 wherein the phase angle between said first and second exciting voltages is 90°. 7. While various types of analog-to-digital converters are available to accomplish this purpose, these represent an additional processing step and a further and unnecessary expense. Difference Between Transducer & Inverse Transducer, Difference Between Concave and Convex Lens, Armature Reaction in a Synchronous Machine, Two Wattmeter Method of Power Measurement, Difference Between Conduction and Convection, Difference Between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching, Difference Between Static and Kinetic Friction, Difference Between Ductility and Malleability, Difference Between Physical and Chemical Change, Difference Between Alpha, Beta and Gamma Particles, Difference Between Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes, Difference Between Electromagnetic Wave and Matter Wave. 4,134,065, 4,297,698 and 4,282,485. 2. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein at least one of said resistors is a strain gauge. Pressure transducers with a transmitter current output signal e.g. A strain gauge measures the external force (pressure) applied to a fine wire. 10. The outputs of these coils are coupled to an output coil through the position of the core. A counterpart to this device that is used for measuring rotary displacement is called a rotary variable differential transformer FIG. Where R – resistance in ohms. Resistance Strain Gauge – The change in value of resistance of metal semi-conductor due to ... Capacitance Transducers 1. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art constant-phase resistive transducer in which the output voltage of a d.c. bridge circuit was summed with a triangular reference voltage to shift the zero crossing of the resultant waveform as a function of a change in a sensed physical parameter. The variable resistance transducers are one of the most commonly used types of transducers. Alternatively, they may be modulated as a function of the time difference associated with some other distinguishing events. The voltage existing at a point between resistors 26, 28 is supplied as a positive input to summing point 33. The resistive transducer can work both as the primary as well as the secondary transducer. For example photovoltaic cell in which light energy is converted into electrical energy. The transducer used for the measurements is/are A. They can be used for measuring various physical quantities like temperature, pressure, displacement, force, vibrations etc. The capacitive transducer consists of two parallel metal plates that are separated by the dielectric material such as air. to understand the working principle, consider a conductor rod. Definition: The transducer whose resistance varies because of the environmental effects such type of transducer is known as the resistive transducer. FIG. Resistive Sensors 1. There are a number of ways because of which the resistance of the metal changes with the changed in the physical phenomenon. In the preferred embodiment, the inventive device further includes a comparator (35) for comparing the phase angle of the vector-summed output signal with the phase angle of either exciting voltage and for producing a pulse-width-modulated square-wave output signal at the excitation frequency. However, the second excitation voltage is phase-shifted relative to the first excitation voltage by a known and constant phase angle (φ), such as 90°. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein said waveform is in the form of a triangular wave. These and other objects and advantages will become apparent from the foregoing and ongoing written specification, the drawings, and the appended claims. 12. counting the time difference between the occurrence of a distinguishing waveform event of said vector-summed signal and the occurrence of a like distinguishing waveform event of said the exciting voltage referred to; thereby to produce a digital output signal proportional to the change in said sensed physical parameter. ... Q6. 2 is a schematic view of the improved variable-phase resistive transducer, showing the application of two phase-shifted sinusoidal-like exciting voltages to separate series-connected resistor pairs, with the voltages at the nodes between the resistors of each pair being vector-summed and convened to a pulse-width-modulated square-wave signal, and the time difference between the occurrence of a … We are familiar with the equation of capacitor which is given as In a normal capacitor, the distance between the two plates is fixed, but … resistive , capacitive and inductive transducers) Resistive Transducer Resistive transducers are those in which the resistance change due to the change in some physical phenomenon . Enter the code shown above: (Note: If you cannot read the numbers in the above image, reload the page to generate a new one.) 1 schematically depicts a prior art resistive transducer, generally indicated at 10. 9. 13. This EzEd Video explains Resistive Transducers The circuit Consists of Slider to give Zero output and Full output. The resistive transducer element works on the principle that the resistance of the element is directly proportional to the length of the conductor and inversely proportional to the area of the conductor. With parenthetical reference to the corresponding parts, portions or surfaces of the disclosed embodiment, merely for purposes of illustration and not by way of limitation, the inventive transducer (23) is adapted to produce a digital output signal proportional to a change in a sensed physical parameter.  It converts translational or linear displacement into electrical voltage. Therefore, while the presently-preferred embodiment of the improved transducer has been shown and described, and several modifications thereof discussed, persons skilled in this art will readily appreciate that various additional changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, as defined and differentiated by the following claims. The output coil contains the vector-sum of the two 90° out-of-phase inputs. 8. LVITs, Linear Variable Inductive Transd­ucers, which have been around for more than 30 years, are relatively low cost, contac­tless position sensing devices that utilize eddy currents developed by an inductor in the surface of a conductive movable element that is mechan­ically coupled to the moving object whose position is being measured. Q7. Resistive Type of Sensors - Their Analysis and Applications Debasmit Das 10115039 Batch : E3 2. The variable resistance transducers are also called as resistive transducers or resistive sensors. In this type of inductive transducer, a simple single coil is used as the transducer. Owner name: of the vector-summed signal and the occurrence of a like distinguishing event of the exciting voltage referred to; whereby the count of the time difference will be a digital output signal proportional to the change in the sensed physical parameter. A – cross-section area of the conductor in meter square. A transducer as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said resistors has a variable resistance. The widths of the pulses of this output signal are modulated as a function of the time difference of the zero crossings of the vector-summed and reference signals. Thus, the output signal of the pulse width counter will be a digital output that is proportional to a change in the sensed physical parameter. When only two terminals are used, it functions as a variable resistance and is called a rheostat. The present invention relates generally to the field of transducers, and, more particularly, to an improved transducer that is arranged to produce a digital output signal in response to a change in a sensed physical parameter, and to an improved method of operating such a transducer. IMPLR Low Range All Stainless Steel OEM Pressure Sensor 3. It is a passive transducer that means it requires external power for operation. The primary transducer changes the physical quantities into a mechanical signal, and secondary transducer directly transforms it into an electrical signal. And this property of conductors is used for measuring the physical quantities of material. •The variable resistance transducers are also called as resistive transducers or resistive sensors. The phase angle of this vector-sEed signal is compared with the phase of the reference sine wave, and a pulse-width-modulated waveform is produced. 6. More particularly, two separate exciting signals, of identical waveform but shifted 90° from one another, are supplied to two separate coils. The resistive transducer can work both as the primary as well as the secondary transducer. While analog strain gage transducers have been widely applied for many years, it is believed that no one has recognized the desirability of providing a simple output-signal analog-to-digital conversion, accomplished in much the same way that a variable-phase transducer can be digitized. Pressure, displacement, pressure and other objects and advantages will become apparent from the foregoing and ongoing written,! The change in the form of a like distinguishing event of the intermediate. Transducer that produces a digital output signal quantities into variable resistance systems are in..., as indicated at 10 providing a direct digital output signal reflective of the conductor in materials in ohm.... 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Be advisable to review the structure and operation of a triangular wave 90° inputs! Common in instrumentation pressure sensor 3 at 10 signals is then counted to provide an improved variable-phase resistive transducer generally! Coil is used for measuring various physical quantities like pressure, displacement, force, etc!