From this measurement of student achievement, the instructor determines the effectiveness of the instruction, A time-honored training delivery method, drill and practice is based on the learning principle of exercise discussed in chapter 2, which holds that connections are strengthened with practice. For example, a student pilot may enroll in a private pilot certificate course, and upon completion of all course requirements, be awarded a graduation certificate. The student displays whatever competence has been attained, and the instructor discovers just how well the skill has been learned. Many of them can be combined during the actual presentation. PDF Flight Instructor Training Module - Federal Aviation Administration [Figure 4-12] E-learning comes in many formats. Sequencing can be emphasized and made clearer by the use of contrasting colors, The effectiveness of aids and the ease of their preparation can be increased by initially planning them in rough draft form. The rhetorical question is similar in nature, because it also spurs group thought. The instructor must logically organize the material to show the relationships of the main points. Instructors should also try to prepare students for viewing CD/DVD programs by telling them what to watch carefully, what is important or, possibly, what is incorrect. Usually the goal for students is a certificate or rating. The controller directed the pilot to two different nearby airports, but both were below minimums. High-quality, commercially produced CDs and DVDs are available for almost every aviation training subject. In this case, the responsible instructor needs to establish procedures to make sure the required training is accomplished, since he or she must certify student competency at the end of the course, Models, mock-ups, and cut-aways are additional instructional aids. The alert reader has already noted that the conditions and criteria changed slightly during the development of these objectives, and that is exactly the way it will occur. The established criteria or standards to determine whether the training has been adequate are the passing of knowledge and practical tests required by 14 CFR for the issuance of pilot certificates. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by Posted at 20:01h in what does mr mckee want from tom by The chapter begins with practical strategies flight instructors can use to enhance their instruction, the demonstration-performance training delivery method of flight instruction, integrated flight instruction, positive exchange of flight controls, use of distractions, obstacles to learning encountered during flight training, and how to evaluate Aids are often appropriate when long segments of technical description are necessary, when a point is complex and difficult to put into words, when instructors find themselves forming visual images, or when students are puzzled by an explanation or description, Aids should be simple and compatible with the learning outcomes to be achieved. Whatever type of projected training aid used, it is essential for the content to be current and support the lesson, Use of projected materials requires planning and practice. The number of students in a class and the existing facilities are other considerations. This equipment is especially adapted to enlarging diagrams and small charts for display purposes. Lecturing is unquestionably the most economical of all teaching methods in terms of the time required to present a given amount of material, The lecture is particularly suitable for introducing a new subject and for explaining the necessary background information. The willingness to look for ways to match student learning styles to personal instructional style is another element of effective instruction, A subject matter expert (SME) is a person who possesses a high level of expertise, knowledge, or skill in a particular area. To ensure clarity and variety, the instructor should normally use sentences of short and medium length. Availability, feasibility, or cost may impose realistic limitations. Instructors can create their own overhead acetate or plastic transparencies, or they may purchase commercially produced ones. Thus, an instructor who introduces some form of active student participation in the middle of a lecture greatly increases student retention. The instructor must provide opportunities for students to practice and, at the same time, make sure that this process is directed toward a learning objective, A successful instructor needs to be familiar with as many teaching methods as possible. A clear, concise presentation of the objective and the key ideas gives the students a road map of the route to be followed. For example, inserting conditions narrows the objective as follows: "Using sectional charts, a flight computer, and Cessna 172, navigate from point A to point B while maintaining standard hemispheric altitudes." a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by The human mind rarely retains, evaluates, and applies new concepts or practices after a single exposure. In teaching a skill, the instructor must convey to the students the precise actions they are to perform. [Figure 4-11] Planning the guided discussion as well as learning how to ask the type of questions used in guided discussions are assets for any aviation instructor, In 1966, the McMaster University School of Medicine in Canada pioneered a new approach to teaching and curriculum design called problem-based learning (PBL). best dj pool for old school music. For example, a flight instructor should not rely exclusively on a software program on traffic patterns and landings to do the ground instruction for a student pilot, then expect the student to demonstrate patterns and landings in the aircraft. Provisions for logging training time can be incorporated so the syllabus could also serve as the training record for the student, instructor, or school. While it is important to provide hands-on tasks in the lesson plan to engage students in active learning, it is also important to ensure the tasks are completed safely and correctly, In Chapter 2, The Learning Process, learning was defined as "a change in the behavior of the learner as a result of experience. In a guided discussion, the instructor guides the discussion with the goal of reinforcing a learning objective related to the lesson. Early in a lesson that is to include demonstration and performance, the instructor should identify the most important learning outcomes. Sarcasm and/or ridicule should never be used, since they inhibit the spontaneity of the participants. The instructor acts as a facilitator to encourage discussion between students, In the guided discussion, learning is achieved through the skillful use of questions. Consider the opening scenario in which Bob arrived early for the class and ensured the classroom was well lit, the desks in order, and that the room presented a neat overall appearance. Three types of problem-based instruction are discussed: scenario based, collaborative problem-solving, and case study, SBT uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address aviation training objectives in an operational environment. By being well prepared, an effective instructor presents and applies lesson material, and also periodically assesses how well the learner is learning. Certification tests do not represent an entire training syllabus, A broad, overall objective of any pilot training course is to qualify the student to be a competent, efficient, safe pilot for the operation of specific aircraft types under stated conditions. Consequently, CDs and DVDs have replaced many of the projection-type instructional aids, For instructors, the convenience of CDs and DVDs is certainly an advantage. The main advantages are less time spent on instruction compared to traditional classroom training, and higher levels of mastery and retention, Distance learning, or the use of electronic media to deliver instruction when the instructor and student are separated, is another advantage to e-learning. The instructor then shares the NTSBs determination of probable cause: "The pilots inadequate decision to continue VFR flight into IMC conditions, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion" which can lead to further discussions of how to avoid this type of accident. As an example, a single CD or DVD may contain all pertinent aviation regulations, plus the complete AIM. Although lecture and demonstration-performance may be the methods used most often, being aware of other methods and teaching tools such as guided discussion, cooperative learning, and computerassisted learning better prepares an instructor for a wide variety of teaching situations, Obviously, the aviation instructor is the key to effective teaching. On the fifth approach, at five miles from the runway, the pilot stated that both engines quit due to fuel exhaustion. Instructional aids can help them do this. Although the lecture method is useful in providing information, it is not an effective method of learning large amounts of information in a short time. objective of each period of instruction. For example, once the instructor decides how the student will accomplish the objective, most of the work that determines the elements of the lesson and the schedule of events has been done. Overlays can also be cut into various shapes and moved about in relation to the base transparency. Another friend is planning to meet them at the airport and drive everyone to the game and back, Mark has strong motivation to fly his friends to the game so he keys up College Airport AWOS which reports clear and unrestricted visibility. What can be done to improve the flight instructor role? For example, there are several types of lectures, such as the illustrated talk where the speaker relies heavily on visual aids to convey ideas to the listeners. Developing good problems that motivate, focus, and initiate student learning are an important component of PBL. During a formal lecture, the speakers purpose is to inform, to persuade, or to entertain with little or no verbal participation by the students. Performance-based objectives are essential in defining exactly what needs to be done and how it is done during each lesson. The plan should include all key points that need to be covered. In other words, they must mean the same thing to any knowledgeable reader. For the aviation instructor, the objectives listed in the syllabus are a beginning point for instruction, Aviation training involves two types of objectives: performance based and decision based. It promotes learning through repetition because those things most often repeated are best remembered. An effective instructor never stops learning. The introduction consists of three elements: attention, motivation, and overview. In the intervening years, PBL has helped shift the focus of learning from an instructor-centered approach to a studentcentered approach. azure resource types list If it is a classroom presentation, the student may be asked to explain the new material. They should provide an accurate visual image and make learning easier for the student, Another use for instructional aids is to clarify the relationships between material objects and concepts. Research has shown that learning is an active processthe more involved students are in the process, the better they learn. An effective aviation instructor uses the maneuver-based approach of the PTS but presents the objectives in a scenario situation, It has been found that flight students using SBT methods demonstrate stick-and-rudder skills equal to or better than students trained under the maneuver-based approach only. In certain instances, the instructor has no opportunity to assign preliminary work and must face the students for the first time. For example, the student controls the pace of instruction, reviews previous material, jumps forward, and receives instant feedback. Instructional aids are not selfsupporting; they support, supplement, or reinforce what is being taught. Defining a "good instructor" has proven more elusive, but in The Essence of Good Teaching (1985), psychologist Stanford C. Ericksen wrote "good teachers select and organize worthwhile course material, lead students to encode and integrate this material in memorable form, ensure competence in the procedures and methods of a discipline, sustain intellectual curiosity, and promote how to learn independently", Much research has been devoted to trying to discover what makes a "good" or effective instructor. The flight instructor serves as the link between dreaming of a career in the sky and becoming a skilled pilot. Even though most aircraft are equipped with some sort of navigational system, instructors should teach students the basics of navigation. When required endorsements and recordkeeping provisions are designed into training syllabi, it is much easier, from the instructors standpoint, to conduct required training, track student progress, and certify records. While aviation instructors are expected to be familiar with all regulatory training requirements, use of instructororiented training materials which are enhanced for regulatory compliance can be very beneficial for ensuring required training is being accomplished, endorsed, and properly documented.
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