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author, | 'Title' | date | volume number | journal title | 1st page of article | pinpoint (if needed) Paul Craig, 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440. Thereference is then given in the footnoteat the bottom of the page. They should only be produced by means of the word processors automatic footnote function (with Arabic numerals, consecutively numbered). Articles should not normally exceed 10,000 words (including footnotes). Each primary word should begin with a capital letter (e.g. If neither of these is the case, use J for judge, e.g. Where cases concern only individuals, leave out forenames and initials. ABC, para. That means that you add small, superscript numbers (for example, 1,2,3) to the sources in your text, which connect to footnotes at the bottom of your page. An OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities) citation for a journal article includes the author name (s), publication year, article title, journal name, volume and issue number, page range of the article, and a DOI (if available). When referring to a judge within a case, use the judges surname followed by the correct abbreviation. Include the person's position if relevant. The journal does not follow the Bluebook, Harvard, Vancouver, or Chicago citation styles. Bibliography entries differ from citations in terms of their presentation of the authors name. hbbd```b`` iX$&``j0L.GI Hc~ 6j / In text:refer to the text giving case names in italics eg: InPhipps v Boardman31.. For most sources in OSCOLA, the bibliographic format is the same as the footnote. Ibid., p. 25). The format in which you present this information varies according to the type of source; examples are presented in the following section. 26 Knowles (n 3) 120.. In footnotes write the first author's name followed by "and others". by Certain older books are listed by OSCOLA as works of authority and given special abbreviated citations. For detailed x and x, not x or x). Be aware of the difference before and after 1996. If citing an online encyclopedia, give the URL and date of access: See OSCOLA 4th edn 3.2.6 for more details. A Journal of Law, Technology & Society Knowing how to cite sources for assignments is a hugely important skill. (e.g. There is no specific guidance on this within OSCOLA. For multiple authors, follow the rules outlined in Journal Articles, above. An innovative new tool that checks your APA citations with AI software. For example: Christian von Bar, The Common European Law of Torts, vol 2 (CH Beck 2000), para 76. If the next citation is to the same source, simply put ibid, with a new pinpoint if necessary. Dove, Chen, and Diver. Example: Topping S, Beck D and Wilson P, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). Author names in the bibliography are inverted, and initials are used in place of the first name: If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator. If you source an article online which is also available in hard copy, cite the hard copy version. [Accessed 10 June 2013]. For a comprehensive list of legal abbreviations, use the Cardiff index. For an Authored Book (i) By a single author: Name of the Author, | Title of the Book | OSCOLA Journal Article Reference Generator Create an OSCOLA Journal Article Reference Reference either an on-line or printed Journal Article Select a different Source Type See examples Share this: * Required Fields 1. Author,Title in Italics(edition, publisher date) page. If only available on the web, reference as follows: In the bibliography, list in Secondary Sources. Information to include: If you are a post-graduate law student, you are required to use this referencing system. No full stops are used with abbreviations other than e.g., i.e., vs., and etc. The terms op cit andidemshould not be used. Edward Dove, Jiahong Chen, and Laurence Diver). If the subsequent citation is directly after the full citation, simply use the term ibid. Scratan P and Chadwick K, 'Critical research', Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1992 establishing the standard import values for determining the entry price of certain fruit and vegetables [2015] OJ L 290/12, HC Deb 3 February 1977, vol 389, cols 97376 40, Interview with Irene Kull, Assistant Dean, Faculty of Law, Tartu University (Tartu, Estonia, 4 August 2003), Letter from Gordon Brown to Lady Ashton (20 November 2009). Dont use popular titles of Acts, for example, Lord Campbells Act. Pinpoints such as volumes and page numbers come after the publication information. In footnotes write the first authors name followed by and others. Use the full name of the author(s) as written in the source. Then give the title of the article within single quotation marks, and the publication information as follows: year of publication (in square brackets if it identifies the volume, in round brackets if there is a separate volume number). Repeating citations short forms and ibid, https://libguides.northampton.ac.uk/oscolaguide. Books - OSCOLA - LibGuides at Coventry University How to reference books One author Multiple authors Chapter in an edited book Books Author, Title of the Book (Edition, Publisher Year) Footnote Example 1 Steve Foster, How to Write Better Law Essays (4th edn, Pearson 2016). Normann Witzleb and others No author You must enter the date that you accessed the article. Formultiple referenceswithin one footnote use semi-colons to distinguish between them and put them in chronological order with the oldest first. Do not italicise case names. OSCOLA is an acronym which stands for the Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities. Cite as a book but exclude author or editor and publisher. use the following format for the footnote: Information to include: The most common ones are covered below. OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Repeating Citations Subsequent citations The first time a source is mentioned, you must give the citation in full. For example, in the following citation, the first number refers to the page on which the report begins, while the second number pinpoints the passage youre referring to: Where available, paragraph numbers should be used instead of page numbers. Neither do citations of cases with a neutral citation. 1. Hansard is the official transcript of parliamentary debates in the UK. In the footnote, the authors name should be provided exactly as it appears in the publication, omitting postnominals such as QC: (Note: sometimes only first name initials are provided on the publication so your footnote will reflect this e.g. Explanatory Notes to the Charities Act 2006, para 15. No further changes will be allowed to the text absent compelling justification. Available from: doi:10.1037/rmh0000008, On-line Journal, Off-line Journal, Journal Article. See below for more details on organising the bibliography. In the bibliography, list bills in alphabetical order under the heading Secondary Sources. Cross citation is when you are referring to discussion in another part of your writing, for example on an earlier page or in a previous chapter. It was the thirteenth judgement issued by the House of Lords (UKHL) in 2008. The Assistant Editor is responsible for sending the submission to at least two recognised experts for independent, external peer review. See3.4.10 OSCOLA 4th ed. Headings within the text are encouraged. For a case, cite in full the first time. There should be an asterisk (*) after each authors name, which corresponds to an asterisked footnote, giving the authors current position(s) of employment, department where appropriate, university, city, country, and email address (e.g. For forthcoming articles, please include the title of the publication and (forthcoming), e.g. If the case is not yet reported it should be cited with a reference to the relevant notice in the Official Journal: EC Commission v Ireland, Case C-134/89, [1989] OJ L145/1. Title: Referencing using OSCOLA Author: Fennell, Graham Created Date: Use a short version of the title if the full title is longer than three words. OSCOLA is a footnote referencing style. Chatterton v Gerson, [1981] 1 All ER 257 (QB) (hereinafterChatterton). Attempts to accommodate all internationally recognised character sets will be made where feasible. And then it happens. Dr Douglas Guilfoyle, The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: Origins and Importance (14 August 2013) accessed 15 April 2014. Any submission which exceeds the identified word counts may be accepted upon special consideration of the Editorial Board. You should cite the authors name first, followed by a comma, and then the title of the book in italics. ), Genes and Common Disease: Genetics in Modern Medicine (Cambridge: CUP, 2007). Footnote: Required fields are marked *. The abbreviation preceding a command paper number depends on the year of publication: 183369 (C (1stseries)) 187099 (C (2nd series)) 190018 (Cd) 191956 (Cmd) 195786 (Cmnd) 1986 (Cm). See3.4.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. author, | title | [year] OR (year) | volume/issue | journal name or abbreviation | | date accessed. As with case reports, square brackets are used for years in a journal citation if the year also identifies the volume; normal brackets are used when there are multiple volumes in a year. See the example in the Subsequent citation of a case box below. A bibliography lists all your secondary sources that is, everything other than cases and legislation. Williams LJ. Title | HC Bill | (session) | [number] OR title | HL Bill | (session) | number. Remove Additional Authors, Add a 5th Author His Lordship opined thatthe pursuers case failed.. If no individual author is identified, but an organisation or institution claims editorial responsibility for the work, then cite it as the author. In general only include the web address when the document is only available online, when the web address ia especiallyhelpful for finding the document and when the web address is static (eg. If a footnote references more than one work by the same author or authors, or refers to a prior footnote containing more than one work, please cite the surname(s) of the author(s), a shortened title of the work being cited, and the footnote where it first appears, e.g. In OSCOLA referencing, referring to a specific page number within a source is called pinpointing. If the reference is to an editorial, cite the author as Editorial. 428 0 obj <>stream Quotes within such quotes should be presented with double quotation marks (). List Legislation and Cases separately in alphabetical order in the bibliography. endstream endobj startxref Page references should use the abbreviations p. or pp., adopting the following style: Supran. 24, p. 3. A submission will only be considered where the author warrants that their manuscript has not already been published or offered for publication elsewhere in whole, in part, or in substance (including on publicly accessible websites, such as SSRN). For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 1.1 and 1.2. At the same time, OSCOLA allows citing sources not included in the manual while adhering to the general principles set out . endstream endobj 406 0 obj <>/Metadata 53 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[418 0 R]>>/Outlines 60 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 400 0 R/StructTreeRoot 99 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 407 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 408 0 obj <>stream The following website is a useful reference: http://www.askoxford.com/betterwriting/us/?view=uk. In the Young example, 72 is the volume number. author, | title | [year] OR (year) | volume/issue | journal name or abbreviation | | date accessed. Statues are divided into parts, sections, subsections, paragraphs and subparagraphs. (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014. When referring to the first two series, cite the House abbreviation (HL or HC), followed by Deb, then the full date, the volume and the column. Don't worry, you can come back and edit the reference if you need to correct or add any information. Capitalisation is appropriate for names of persons, places, institutions and intellectual movements (e.g. Bert-Jaap Koops, Criteria for Normative Technology: The Acceptability of Code as law in Light of Democratic and Constitutional Values in Roger Brownsword and Karen Yeung (eds. The list is organised by type of source, and then alphabetically. The company contracts with institutions, including the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Yale, for the use of their facilities, and also contracts with tutors from those institutions, but does not operate under the aegis of the University of Oxford or those other institutions. An example of the bibliography for an online article: GobertJ, 'The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Thirteen Years in the Making but was it Worth the Wait?' If you do not know the page numbers then leave this blank and [no pagination] will be entered. A single space should be used after full stops and other punctuation marks. Sidaway v Board of Governors of the Bethlem Royal Hospital, [1984] 1 All ER 1018 (CA) (hereinafterSidaway). Cases are written in a similar format here and in the main text; the only difference is the names of the parties involved are not italicised in the table of cases: The table of legislation includes all legal sources used other than cases for example, bills, Acts of Parliament and SIs. If you source a publication online which is also available in hard copy, cite the hard copy version. British Medical Journal podcast, 'Insanity in the Dock' (20 July 2012) 10:30-11:15 accessed 15 April 2014. ); and (5) success of synthesis between areas for those submissions purporting to be interdisciplinary. followed by their initials, page numbers are not included and there is no full stop at the end of the reference. Put a comma after the first page of the article if there is a pinpoint. Where you cite an author of a secondary source their name should appear as it does on the publication with first name/ initials before surname. %%EOF If the relevant law report series was also issued in more than one volume in that particular year, give it a volume number. If a case is reported in the Law Reports you should cite it in preference to any other report. Greenleaf G, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT accessed 27 July 2010, Sarah Cole, Virtual Friend Fires Employee (, Cole S, Virtual Friend Fires Employee (. Authors may provide an English translation of their submission, in which case both versions will be published (if they wish). OSCOLA Section 4: Journal Articles Updated January 2021 Author's name Title of the article Name of the journal Volume number (if there is one) Year of publication . References to Recitals in EU legislation to retain the full word Recital, e.g. Use ( )if the date of publication is NOT needed to find the article eg. While the Copy Editor does NOT check the accuracy of citations, s/he reserves the right to make amendments considered necessary to achieve SCRIPTed stylistic and formatting standards, and may make changes with a view to (1) eliminating errors of typing, grammar, syntax, punctuation, spelling, and idiom, (2) eliminating ambiguity, illogicality, tautology, circumlocution and redundancy, (3) producing accuracy and coherence, and (4) improving the mode of expression and style of writing. You may also have to include a list of tables of cases, legislation and other primary sources at the start of your essay, and a bibliography of second sources at the end. OSCOLA does not purport to be comprehensive, but gives rules and examples for . It is a guide to legal citation developed by the Oxford Law Faculty and is an authoritative way to prepare legal citation in the UK academic world. use cannot, not cant; do not, not dont, etc). [2] For example, if you used a book as a source that was written by Harry Potter and Luna Lovegood, your Works Cited entry would start "Potter, Harry." For example: Protocol to the Agreement on the Member States that do not fully apply to the Schengen acquis Join Declarations [2007] OJ Li129/35. To pinpoint, simply include a page number at the end of your reference, in addition to any page numbers already included. Subsequent citations of secondary sources: use the author's or authors' surname(s): 1. Scribbr. Remove Additional Authors, You must enter the title of the article you wish to reference, You must enter the title of the journal you wish to reference, Enter the year the article was published in YYYY format, You must enter the volume of the journal you wish to reference, You must enter the issue number of the journal you wish to reference. 13 Hugh Jones and Christopher Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011) 32, The only difference is the author is now listed surname first for the first author and you do not include page numbers, Author,Title(edition, Publisher | year), Jones Hand C Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011), For two or three authors, all named authors must be included. for more details. Do not use punctuation when using an abbreviation. accessed 17 November 2014. Jane Croft, Supreme Court Warns on Quality Financial Times (London, 1 July 2010) 3. Unless otherwise specified below, SCRIPTed follows the Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA). The names of publishers other than Cambridge University Press (CUP) and Oxford University Press (OUP) should be written in full. the name of the journal in roman, in full or abbreviated form, with no full stops; and. You should then follow the title with publication information in brackets. 0 (OSCOLA) is designed to help the author to achieve consistency and to make life easier for the reader . The relevant abbrevations are: subsection / subsections to sub-s/ sub-ss, subparagraph / subparagraphs to subpara/subparas. Items in the table of legislation are listed in identical form to how they are cited in the text. When citing more than one paragraph, place the numbers in square brackets. If you read a book that was translated from another language (eg, you read an English translation of a book orginally written in German), cite the translation: If there is an author and translator, referenceas follows: See3.2.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. 1. Follow this with the title of the website and the date of publication in brackets, if available. For multiple authors or editors, follow the rules outlined in Journal Articles, above. for more details. It is good practice to use cross citation as little as possible. 1) and appears after any punctuation like a comma or full stop: These footnotes contain full information on the source cited. 39(4), pp.652-669. Dont put a comma before the year. 5 May 2022. Herberg J, Injunctive Relief for Wrongful Termination of Employment (DPhil thesis, University of Oxford 1989), UNICEF Country programme document: China (10 August 2015) E/ICEF/2015/P/L.22, UNHCR Assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa. If there is no author identified, and it is appropriate to cite an anonymous source, begin the citation with the title in the usual way. Alan Wright and Nicholas Hastie (eds. For specific references, include a comma, followed by p. and the page number. The information to include depends on the types of source - see the examples. See3.4.11 OSCOLA 4th edn for more details. The standard requires providing the authors' names in full in references and in the reverse form with initials in footnotes. The author should identify the date of last access within parentheses after citing the URL, e.g. Footnote For two or three authors, all named authors must be included. Say goodbye to inaccurate citations! In the bibliography list all of the authors. The authors name should be centred under the title and in lower case italics (e.g. Information to include: Note that OSCOLA recommends abbreviating Oxford University Press to OUP; this is not the case with other publishers. JAG Griffith, 'The Common Law and the Political Constitution' (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64. There are three series of Hansard, one reporting debates on the floor of the House of Commons, one debates in the House of Lords, and one debates in the Public Bill committees of the House of Commons, which replaced standing committees in 2007. Law Commission, 'Housing: Encouraging Responsponsible Letting' (Law Com No 312 Cm 7458, TSO, 2008) [1.5]. Robert Stevens, Torts and Rights (OUP 2007).. 26. For judgements of the European Court of Human Rights, you should cite either the offical reports, the Reports of Judgements and Decisions (ECHR) or the European Human Rights Reports (EHRR). 636 0 obj <> endobj If the interview was conducted by someone else, the interviewers name should appear at the beginning of the citation. Pila, J, The Value of Authorship in the Digital Environment in William H Dutton and Paul W Jeffreys (eds), 1. If you do shorten names this way, you should always choose the name which comes first in the full name of the case in this case Glebe Motors, rather than Dixon-Greene. A hyphen - should be used as a word separator (e.g. Reference either an on-line or printed Journal Article, Select a different Source Type See examples, Enter the Surname and Initials for each Author of the Journal, You must enter at least one Author including their first initial, Add a 3rd Author Simply reference the relevant source as you would a paper copy. A guide to reference management software (EndNote, Mendeley, Zotero, and Paperpile). 26 Stevens (n 1) 110. We will not accept submissions under consideration at other journals. there is no volume number. Usually, the bibliography is divided into three sections: Cases, Legislation and Secondary Sources Cases - List the cases alphabetically in order of the first significant word. do not write See n. 12.). A footnote is marked in the text with a footnote number, which appears at the end of the relevant sentence or clause. For example: Graham Greenleaf, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT accessed 27 July 2010. Cite a Bill by its title, the House in which it originated, the Parliamentary session in brackets, and the running number assigned to it. OSCOLA was first devised in 2000 by Regius Professor Peter Birks, with the aim of reducing the "woeful waste of scholarly time caused by the absence of a national standard for citation . John Smith; Edinburgh; European Union; Scottish Enlightenment), but not for other terms. For example, here you would list Hansard, any books and journal articles cited, and other sources such as blogs, social media and newspapers. Use the short title and refer to specific sections of the Act eg. El Gharras, H. 2009. Below you will find guidance and examples of how to set out a footnote reference to a book with two or threeauthorsandin the bibliography. Where English is used, please comply with British English (see Spelling below). (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014, European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) cases. Cross-references to footnotes above should take the form supran. 25, and cross-references to footnotes below should take the form infra n. 25. Analysis pieces and Case/Legislative comments are internally peer reviewed (one reviewer) by either a member of the SCRIPTed Editorial Board or Edinburgh Law School faculty/PhD candidates with particular experience and/or interest in the field. It also indicates that a report of the judgement can be found in volume 1 of the series of the Law Reports called the Appeal Cases, beginning at page 884. . Up to three authors are included in a Harvard in-text citation. Follow the citation with the web address (in angled brackets) and the date you most recently accessed the article. for more details. Simon Tonking, Jury Trial (BBC Radio 4, 1 May 2010) accessed 15 February 2013. A pinpoint is a reference to a particular paragraph of a judgement or page of a report. H4;@ $7 INDIAN LAW INSTITUTE: 1. The full citation need only be given at the first reference to the case, which should also provide the shorthand reference to be used in subsequent citations. When citing courts, indicate the court in brackets after the first page of the report, and before the pinpoint if there is one. There is no need to cite an electronic source for such a publication. Please ensure there is a full stop at the end of every footnote. (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014. Legal sources such as cases and statues may be cited, along with secondary sources, for example, books and journals. HL Deb OR HC Deb | date, | volume, | column. An example of a typical case citation without a neutral citation is: When the year is used to identify the law report volume, you should always put it in square brackets. GDPR, Recital 25. Use HL for the House of Lords, CA for the Court of Appeal, QB, CH and F for the division of the High Court, and Com Ct for the Commercial Court within the Queens Bench Division. OSCOLA referencing, sometimes referred to as Oxford referencing, is a style of referencing primarily used in UK academic content related to the law. In it, you assign each citation a footnote that duplicates the reference at the end of the paper almost precisely, with some exceptions such as using a specific page number. If online journals lack some of the publication elements for OSCOLA, follow the citation advice of the online journal. Also consider elements of the style advice for websites and blogs (section 3.4.8). Remove additional data for ONLINE sources, Enter the date you accessed the journal in dd Month YYYY format. Articles, Analysis Pieces, and Case/Legislation Comments. Paragraph numbers appear in square brackets and can be used for pinpointing in the same way as page numbers: Note that if youre pinpointing a judges comments within a case report, you include the name of the judge, and some special terms and abbreviations are used in the citation and in the text. For example: Shipping and Trading Interests (Protection) Act 1995. Changes will be sent to the author for approval. The Lord Chancellor (now no longer a judge) should be abbreviated as Lord Brown LC, the Lord Chief Justice as Lord Brown CJ, and the Master of the Rolls as 20 Lord Brown MR. SCRIPTeds in-house Article template should be used for all submissions except Book Reviews, i.e. Analysis Pieces should normally not exceed 4,000 words. If the information is only available online, give the URL before the accessed date information. If referring to a different page in the same source, use Ibid., followed by a comma and the number of the relevant page (e.g. Additionally, note that the year (for the report) is displayed differently depending on whether it is essential to the citation. (accessed 25 January 2018). You can also use the OSCOLA Quick Reference Guide for ease when referencing. For subsequent citation of secondary sources, you only need the authors surname. for more details. Where there are multiple parties in cases, you should name only the first claimant and the first defendant. Youve done it. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990, sch. If a book hasmore than three authors,include and othersafter the name of the first author. Seeing as the content of working papers are subject to change, make sure you put the date of access. statutes and so on), as well as secondary sources such as books, journal articles, websites and policy statements . Along with an overview of referencing, our authors share their thoughts on why referencing is used in academic writing. Generally, footnotes should be used for citationof sources, rather than for additional text. Remove full stops to comply with OSCOLA. However if the articleis only available online, use the same format as for print journals but at the end of the citation add the web address within < > marks and the date you most recently accessed the article.