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He assumed office in August 1979 and has remained in power since then. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . What are the countries with a democracy government? The dictator is the absolute ruler. Infamous dictators of the world are often thought of as tyrants - leaders who rule with iron fists, cruelty, unflinching authority, and a lack of opposition. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. [52], Dictatorship is historically associated with the Ancient Greek concept of tyranny, and several ancient Greek rulers have been described as "tyrants" that are comparable to modern dictators. Among Africans past and present, you'll find a smattering of dictatorships. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. [1]:70. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. Imelda Marcos. People who are for dictatorship say it provides for a more stable government, helps abolish corruption, and is more efficient in emergencies. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. [123] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. The legislature must be popularly elected. Therefore, it is impossible to know if the regime is a democracy or a dictatorship, so DD Index considers them dictatorships until an alternation in power occurs. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. Right now, 74% families are homeowners. But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . ", "The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship? Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. After the recent death of Idriss Deby in April 2021, his son Mahamat Deby took over. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. He was a German legislator, organizer of Nazi party and furthermore filled in as Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. [146], In a dictatorship, violence is used to coerce or repress all opposition to the dictator's rule, and the strength of a dictatorship depends on its use of violence. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. [5] This is particularly true when the inner circle is made up of military officers that have the resources to carry out a military coup. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. ( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. REUTERS/Myo Kyaw Soe. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. Secret police are used to gather information about specific political opponents and carry out targeted acts of violence against them, paramilitary forces defend the regime from coups, and formal militaries defend the dictatorship during foreign invasions and major civil conflicts. Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic and an oligarchy. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. Military dictatorship: 2. Some of the multi-party states with governing communist parties include Brazil, Nepal, India, and Russia. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. Syria - Well, it depends. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. There's no room for opposition or . Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. 8. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. [8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. Those who believe that he is a dictator argue that he imprisons his opponents, removed freedom of speechthe press can only publish what he allows them toand has restructured the government to give himself more and longer-lasting power. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. [134] Revolution takes place when the opposition group grows large enough that elites in the regime cannot suppress it or choose not to. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. They are in civil war, but the dictator is. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. [60] During the L dynasty of Vietnam between the 16th and 18th centuries, the country was under de facto military rule by two rival military families: the Trnh lords in the north and the Nguyn lords in the south. Elites in personalist dictatorships often do not have a professional political career and are unqualified for positions they are given. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. Latin America's new generation of dictators. For dictatorships, monarchic, military and civilian dictatorship. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government.