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b. ribosomes a. LFA-3 The estrogen-like compound that acts as a substitute hormone and disrupts gene expression, as shown in the image, is a(n) ______. - The damage to genetic material by mutagens can lead to birth defects if the exposure occurs during fetal development. a. transcriptional regulators of HLA class II loci d. HIV is transferred from an infected person to an uninfected recipient Which of the following processes can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans? Match the following causes of death with the lifetime chance of dying that way in the United States. b) enter a replicative cycle that kills the host cell. a. reverse transcriptase B.) a. Toxoplasma gondii d) II. c. passive carrier proteins This number doesn't include people killed by smoking tobacco. arXiv:2203.10869v2 [math.AP] 1 Mar 2023 Well-posedness for a diusion-reaction compartmental model simulating the spread of COVID-19 Ferdinando Auricchio( ) c. innate; acquired immune responses Which of the following accurately describes HIV? c) Vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from the upper leaves to the lower leaves of the plant, and horizontal transmission is the spread of a virus among leaves at the same general level. c. bacteria and yeast 4. Antibiotics for humans are generally ______ in the United States. The color change indicates that the iodine molecules were small enough to diffuse across the membrane and react with the starch inside the cell. III. Which of the following virus types inserts a double-stranded DNA copy of its genome into the host cell's genome? d. inhibition of peptide transport by transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) - Allergens act as antigens and stimulate the production of specific antibodies. 13-35 Protective antibodies generated in response to influenza virus bind to _____ of the viral envelope. c. inhibition of MHC class I expression c. spongy mesophyll stable chemicals are resistant to degradation and can cause problems long after application and far from the sites where they were originally used. b) Replication of their genomes does not involve proofreading. Which of the following is an example of a synergistic effect? The study of the effects of flammable chemicals on forests, Allergies, headaches, and chronic fatigue due to poorly ventilated indoor spaces contaminated by toxins, such as formaldehyde released from carpeting, furniture, and other building materials can result in ______________ _____________ ______________. 34 Questions Show answers. a. 1. Match the examples to chronic or acute effects and exposures. Which of the following types of organisms are commonly single-celled (unicellular)? c. the IFN- receptor Antibiotics cannot kill a virus because viruses are not living cells with cell walls to puncture, nor do they have their own organelles to replicate DNA. - improved sanitation C. HIV leads to AIDS, when about one third of the individual's T cell count is lost. a) Vertical transmission is transmission of a virus from a parent plant to its progeny, and horizontal transmission is one plant spreading the virus to another plant. Question 1. Which of the following statements explains why, despite these probability calculations, people perceive driving as less risky and are more accepting of the associated risks? The membranes of the mitochondria provide a place for enzymes needed for cellular respiration to anchor and function. They may contain genomic DNA or RNA. d. cytosol. c. the cytosol Toxins - Lead Bacteria injects DNA into a host cell. c. The radish cells were hypertonic to the water in which they were soaking. True or false: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that though 90 percent of all disease burden occurs in developing nations only about 10 percent of health care dollars are spent there. ______ is a condition that is associated with drinking during pregnancy that results in a cluster of symptoms including craniofacial abnormalities, developmental delays, behavioral problems, and mental defects, which last throughout a child's life. Toxic substance - These substances damage or kill living organisms because they react with cellular components to disrupt metabolic functions. Car accident b) casing d. local populations; global populations. 13-8 _____ is a strategy used by herpesviruses where replication and the generation of virus-derived peptides are avoided in order to hide from the immune response. The viral replication cycle can produce dramatic biochemical and structural changes in the host cell, which may cause cell damage. A solid waste (garbage) transfer facility that sorts and breaks down garbage into recyclables and waste to be thrown away in the landfill would be a suitable analogy for which cellular organelle? b. prokaryotic and animal c. variable surface glycoproteins Spatial variability of soil parameter distribution is crucial to calculating the pile foundation failure probability. - Data on which chemicals are endocrine disrupters are not definitive. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. b. fall below the CD8 T-cell count Other duties may be assigned as deemed necessary or appropriate by management. answer choices Viruses are much smaller than bacteria cells. a. c) Reverse transcription would no longer be possible. Which of the following would be likely to move through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion? Determine the intensity level of the infrasound 10 km from the source, assuming the sound energy radiates uniformly in all directions. a. What is a probability calculation and how is it used in risk assessment? This vesicle is now within the amoeba itself and will soon fuse with other vesicles containing digestive enzymes. Colony collapse disorder is a persistent epidemic that affects ___________________. c. X-linked hyper IgM syndrome: gamma globulin injections d. There will be no net movement of water because the solutions are isotonic. a. integrase e. It is secreted and functions as a monomer but facilitates the dimerization of its receptor. 13-20 Dominant mutant forms of IFNR1 exhibit all of the following in heterozygotes except _____. On a biological level, the main difference is that bacteria are free-living cells that can live inside or outside a body, while viruses are a non-living collection of molecules that need a host to survive. Use unequal arrows to indicate whether reactants or products are favored. Radiation - UV rays. Which of the following statements correctly describes how factors related to the individual influence how she or he responds to toxins in the environment? The field that specifically deals with the interactions, transformation, fate, and effects of natural and synthetic chemicals in the biosphere, including individual organisms, populations, and whole ecosystems is ______. d. completely permeable, Which of the following would be likely to require facilitated diffusion to move across the plasma membrane? d. No; eukaryotic organelles are expelled each time the cell divides. a. 80% of antibiotics used in the United States are _______. a. Proviruses form immediately after the RNA genome assembles with viral proteins and infectious virions are produced. c. hereditary angioedema These individuals, who generally communicate through sign language, are an integral part of our society, and their contribution is vital. Which of the following statements are true about how people apply probability in determining how much risk to accept and when to avoid exposure to certain risks? b. pinocytosis Some antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections kill the bacteria by chemically punching holes in the cell wall of the bacteria, by preventing the bacteria from replicating their DNA, or by many other actions that ultimately cause cell death. e. MHC class II. b. Which type(s) of chemicals travel through the environment most easily? Trauma - Car accidents c. The cell should gain weight over time because it is hypertonic to the beaker environment and water will enter the cell through osmosis. Examine the figure below. c) use reverse transcriptase to incorporate the virus genome into the host cell DNA. b. the cytoplasmic tail is truncated In assessing the danger of toxic substances, which of these statements are true? triggering a response in our immune systems, foreign materials that stimulate the production of specific antibodies. a. a. I would expect to find the photosynthetic enzymes in the chloroplasts of the bacteria. b) removal of viral mRNAs f. provoke vomiting and diarrhea when ingested. Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body? c. phagocytosis. The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric phospholipid bilayers while the plasma membrane is only one phospholipid bilayer. 4. d. RAG1 or RAG2 Treat the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determine whether it is still infectious. d. the blueprints for making the product, b. a worker in a factory who places labels on products and then packs them into a shipping box. In environmental toxicity studies, when an interaction between two substances results in one of them exacerbating the effects of another by 20-fold it is called a(n) ______ interaction. a. neuraminidase a) the proteins on the viral surface and that of the host cell membrane question 2 5 out of 5 points which statement accurately describes capitalism? Hydraulic structures, e.g., sluicegates and pumping stations, can directly influence flooding processes and should be represented in flood modeling and risk assessment. e. Listeria monocytogenes. Most substances are toxic at some level of exposure depending on the substance and the nature of the exposure. 13-76 Which of the following is required for fusion of the human immunodeficiency viral envelope with the host cell membrane and subsequent internalization? answer choices. a. lymphocytes and platelets osprey accumulates compounds stored by all prey lower in the food chain. c. The cell should gain weight over time because it is hypertonic to the beaker environment and water will enter the cell through osmosis. The selective absorption and storage of a great variety of molecules inside cells and tissues at levels that are higher than in the environment is called ______. Vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) . b. The intensity level of these sounds can reach 103 dB, measured a distance of 5.0 m from the source. Ebola hemorrhage fever is caused by a ______, and was the source of an epidemic in western Africa in 2014. e. they are unable to transduce signals when bound to the normal form. The science involved in determining whether endocrine disrupters are harmful shows how establishing public policy is difficult. Bacteria are much larger than viruses, and t View the full answer Transcribed image text: 20. A screen door allows breezes to enter and aromas to exit but keeps out insects. e. A cDNA intermediate is required in order to produce a provirus. You isolate an infectious substance that is capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus, or prion. Question 12. A change in the pressure of a gas results in a more significant change in volume than it would in a liquid. 13-29 Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) describes a condition in which neither _____ nor _____ are functional. d. The RBCs were hypertonic to the saline; this resulted in water osmosing through the RBC plasma membrane mostly into the cells. System management program c. Utility program d. Encryption. You observe layers of cells that have a definite, rigid, rectangular shape; there appears to be a nucleus in all of the cells and there are many oval-shaped green structures that seem to be moving around inside of the cells in an orderly fashion. a) bacteriophages IV. Cancer Drowning Which statement accurately describes capitalism? Includes pectins, vitamins (like A, C, and E), and cruciferous vegetables (like cabbage and broccoli) in your diet. b. Some viruses have an external membrane envelope. Which of the following statements accurately explains why tissue repair mechanisms may make those tissues more susceptible to cancer? d. Women are more likely than men to inherit X-linked immunodeficiencies. Exposure to background radiation, like from radon gas - Chronic exposure A metabolic poison that specifically attacks nerve cells is a _______________. The water will mostly move from side "A" to side "B" because the water concentration is higher on side "A." e. X-linked Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. possibility of suffering harm or loss resulting from a given action, process of estimating the threat a particular hazard poses to human health. Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of DNA replication? Predicting whether an individual will recover from a given disease. Asbestos exposure and smoking each increase lung cancer rates 20-fold. a. Poliovirus is an RNA virus of the picornavirus group, which uses its RNA as mRNA. - must be handled carefully in large doses, but they can be rendered relatively innocuous by dilution, neutralization, or other physical treatment, draws from many disciplines, including biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, among others. b. receptor proteins Explain. Multiple Choice Q10 Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis? When it acts on target cells, it enhances the engulfment and killing of bacteria. 0.04 ppm - Zooplankton 13-37 An epidemic affects _____, whereas a pandemic affects _____. This is an example of b. channel proteins a. exocytosis - The chemical agent is not biodegradable and thus is persistent in the environment. Match the dietary consideration to its positive influence on a particular health condition. - when risks are known and we feel in control of the outcome. c - Dose must be above a threshold level before anyone in the population shows a response which suggests the presence of some defense mechanism against the harmful effects of the toxin. c. It activates the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway after binding to its cognate receptor. Q: Discuss the following statement: "Viruses exist in the twilight zone of life: outside cells they are. The Sprague-Dawley rat is ______ to endocrine disrupters than ordinary rats, so studies using them are not reliable. b. the plasma membrane. e. All of the choices are correct. Heart disease and cancer - These have risks of 1 in 6-7 f. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which of the following are environmental disease (health) agents? e. Janus 3 kinase (Jak3) What are the qualities of PFCs that make them so useful? e) Retroviruses. e. The capsular polysaccharide antigens of S. pneumoniae do not induce immunological memory. Members of a population vary in their level of sensitivity to a toxin. Key points: A virus is an infectious particle that reproduces by "commandeering" a host cell and using its machinery to make more viruses. Job offers for selected candidates will be made the week of May 1, 2023. d. factor D If a bottle of perfume were spilled in the corner of a large lecture hall, the students sitting near that corner of the room would very quickly smell the perfume. New York State coalition hepatitis C consensus statement leads to governor's action. Reduce the amount of salt and animal fat in your diet - Reduced cardiovascular disease 13-3 A primary immune response against influenza virus produces antibodies that bind to _____. The color change indicates that the iodine molecules were small enough to diffuse across the membrane and react with the starch inside the cell. Which of the following statements about viruses is false? The water will mostly move from side "B" to side "A" because the water concentration is higher on side "B." b. a worker in a factory who places labels on products and then packs them into a shipping box a. osmosis. Name several indicators that scientists use to evaluate the effects of climate change. Mutable requirements Emergent requirements Consequential requirements Compatibility requirements SCENARIO: Consider an online shopping portal that allows a customer to browse and purchase different products. They readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer. II. Treat the substance with nucleases that destroy all nucleic acids and then determine whether it is still infectious. D) Illness is a normal process that affects level of functioning.